Flight, contact, consequence.

Fixed 1/240 s integration, gravity, angle-dependent lift and drag, spin decay and approximate gyroscopic attitude drift. Swept disc-envelope collisions prevent tunneling, but are not a full deformable-disc solver. Impact force is impulse divided by an assumed contact duration, not a measured peak. The pole is a damped flexible beam approximation with an assumed soil overturning threshold. The can uses a clearance joint, rigid-body ejection, and visual dent approximation. Limbs use swept capsule collision envelopes and a damped cantilever approximation: assumed wood density 650 kg/m³ and elastic modulus 9 GPa, with stiffness proportional to radius⁴ / length³. Contact impulse uses disc and effective branch mass, restitution, and tangential friction; branches visibly flex. Bush volumes trap the disc. Preview ends at first contact; subsequent bounces are simulated during playback. Small leaves are visual only. No finite-element material or soil calibration is claimed.

Disc: 175 g, 27 cm diameter. Pole: 6 ft exposed, 5 in embedded, 10 mm diameter. Can: assumed 14 g, 66 mm diameter, 122 mm tall, 18 mm opening. Release chord limited to 1.4 m and forward reach to 0.75 m; endpoint heights 1–8 ft. Speed 3–30 m/s; spin 100–900 rpm.

Approved ultimate disc dimensions · UC Davis flight dynamics research